Animal’s hides and skin are formed into finished
goods or products by following processes which are given below:
1)
Warehousing
and sorting:
In this step, hides and skins are
preserved in salt, stored in control rooms in order to save them from any kind
of smell, germs or disorder. Before processing these hides and skin, they are
checked to ensure quality control and weight for further processes.
2)
Soaking:
In this step, pre-stored hides and
skins are soaked to remove salt and dirt to proceed.
3)
De-fleshing:
In this step, all remaining tissue,
flesh or meat and fats are removed by a roller mounted knife in order to avoid
any kind of smell and germs.
4)
Liming:
In this step, the hairs of all
hides and skins are removed by applying lime and sulphur.
5)
Bating,
pickling and tanning:
In this step, salts and acids are
applied on animal’s hide and skin in order to prepare them for tanning process.
During this process, tanning agents are applied and they (hide and skin) absorb
these tanning agents. The hide and skin becomes leather in this process.
6)
Samming:
All unnecessary water is removed from
the hides and skins in this process.
7)
Splitting:
In this step, leather is trimmed in
a substance in order to get required thickness of the leather. This split
leather is then used for further process.
8)
Skiving:
In this step, obtained leather in
above process is converted into required thickness. All kind of irregularities
are removed from the obtained leather and divided into different color batches
according to the requirements.
9)
Sorting:
All leather obtained in above
process is sorted according to its quality and thickness.
10) Dying and greasing:
The acid obtained from the above
tanning process is neutralized and then dying process is applied with aniline
dye stuff according to the requirements. To get the required softness of
leather, the greasing process is used for this.
11) Drying:
Leather is dried through two
processes vacuum and hanging process. In vacuum process all moisture is removed
from the leather and in hanging process, leather is passed through the ovens in
order to eradicate any moisture and wetness.
12) Staking:
Leather is staked after drying in
order to soften it.
13) Finishing:
In this step, leather obtained
through all above processes goes through the final treatment. According to the
modern fashion and demand, leather is converted into smooth and colorful
products by coating, ironing, embossing etc.
When leather is converted into finished goods then some
other necessary steps are taken to prepare it for market.
Quality
control:
In this step,
quality of leather and its finished goods is ensured according to their weight
and quality grades.
Dispatch:In this final step, the leather and its products are measured, packed and dispatched finally.
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